How can I view the change history of an individual file in Git, complete details with what has changed?
I have got as far as:
git log -- [filename]
which shows me the commit history of the file, but how do I get at the content of each of the file changes?
I'm trying to make the transition from Microsoft Visual SourceSafe and that used to be a simple right-click → Show history.
For a graphical view I'd use gitk:
gitk [filename]
Or to follow filename past renames:
gitk --follow [filename]
You can use
git log -p filename
to let Git generate the patches for each log entry.
See
git help log
for more options - it can actually do a lot of nice things :) To get just the diff for a specific commit you can
git show HEAD
or any other revision by identifier. Or use
gitk
to browse the changes visually.
git log --follow -p -- path-to-file
This will show the entire history of the file (including history beyond renames and with diffs for each change).
In other words, if the file named bar was once named foo, then git log -p bar (without the --follow option) will only show the file's history up to the point where it was renamed -- it won't show the file's history when it was known as foo. Using git log --follow -p bar will show the file's entire history, including any changes to the file when it was known as foo. The -p option ensures that diffs are included for each change.
If you prefer to stay text-based, you may want to use tig.
Quick Install:
Use it to view history on a single file: tig [filename]
Or browse the detailed repository history: tig
It is similar to gitk, but text-based. It supports colors in the terminal!
git whatchanged -p filename is also equivalent to git log -p filename in this case.
You can also see when a specific line of code inside a file was changed with git blame filename. This will print out a short commit id, the author, timestamp, and complete line of code for every line in the file.
This is very useful after you've found a bug and you want to know when it was introduced (or who's fault it was).
If you use Sourcetree to visualize your repository (it's free and quite good) you can right click a file and select Log Selected
The display (below) is much friendlier than gitk and most the other options listed. Unfortunately (at this time) there is no easy way to launch this view from the command line — Sourcetree's CLI currently just opens repositories.
To show what revision and author last modified each line of a file:
git blame filename
or if you want to use the powerful blame GUI:
git gui blame filename
Summary of other answers after reading through them and playing a bit:
The usual command line command would be
git log --follow --all -p dir/file.c
But you can also use either gitk (GUI) or tig (text UI) to give much more human-readable ways of looking at it.
gitk --follow --all -p dir/file.c
tig --follow --all -p dir/file.c
Under Debian/Ubuntu, the install command for these lovely tools is as expected:
sudo apt-get install gitk tig
And I'm currently using:
alias gdf='gitk --follow --all -p'
so that I can just type gdf dir to get a focussed history of everything in subdirectory dir.
Add this alias to your .gitconfig:
[alias]
lg = log --all --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset'\n--abbrev-commit --date=relative
And use the command like this:
> git lg
> git lg -- filename
The output will look almost exactly the same as the gitk output. Enjoy.
You can use Visual Studio Code with GitLens. It's a very powerful tool.
After having installed GitLens, go to GitLens tab, select FILE HISTORY and you can browse it.
Lately I discovered tig and found it very useful. There are some cases I'd wish it does A or B but most of the time it's rather neat.
For your case, tig <filename> might be what you're looking for.
I wrote git-playback for this exact purpose
pip install git-playback
git playback [filename]
This has the benefit of both displaying the results in the command line (like git log -p) while also letting you step through each commit using the arrow keys (like gitk).
You can also try this which lists the commits that has changed a specific part of a file (implemented in Git 1.8.4).
The result returned would be the list of commits that modified this particular part. Command:
git log --pretty=short -u -L <upperLimit>,<lowerLimit>:<path_to_filename>
where upperLimit is the start line number and lowerLimit is the ending line number of the file.
More details are at https://www.techpurohit.com/list-some-useful-git-commands.
In the Sourcetree UI, you can find the history of a file by selecting the 'Log Selected' option in the right click context menu:
It would show the history of all the commits.
If you want to see the whole history of a file, including on all other branches use:
gitk --all <filename>
If you're using the Git GUI (on Windows):
Under the Repository menu, you can use "Visualize master's History". Highlight a commit in the top pane and a file in the lower right and you'll see the diff for that commit in the lower left.
With the excellent Git Extensions, you go to a point in the history where the file still existed (if it have been deleted, otherwise just go to HEAD), switch to the File tree tab, right-click on the file and choose File history.
By default, it follows the file through the renames, and the Blame tab allows to see the name at a given revision.
It has some minor gotchas, like showing fatal: Not a valid object name in the View tab when clicking on the deletion revision, but I can live with that. :-)
If you use TortoiseGit you should be able to right click on the file and do TortoiseGit --> Show Log. In the window that pops up, make sure:
'Show Whole Project' option is not checked.
'All Branches' option is checked.
The answer I was looking for wasn't here. It was to see changes in files that I'd staged for commit. I.e.,
git diff --cached
git diff -U <filename> give you a unified diff.
It should be colored on red and green. If it's not, run: git config color.ui auto first.
If you are using Eclipse with the Git plugin, it has an excellent comparison view with history. Right click the file and select "Compare With" → "History".
I'm probably about where the OP was when this started, looking for something simple that would let me use git difftool with vimdiff to review changes to files in my repo starting from a specific commit. I wasn't too happy with answers I was finding, so I threw this git incremental reporter (gitincrep) script together and it's been useful to me:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
STARTWITH="${1:-}"
shift 1
DFILES=( "$@" )
RunDiff()
{
GIT1=$1
GIT2=$2
shift 2
if [ "$(git diff $GIT1 $GIT2 "$@")" ]
then
git log ${GIT1}..${GIT2}
git difftool --tool=vimdiff $GIT1 $GIT2 "$@"
fi
}
OLDVERS=""
RUNDIFF=""
for NEWVERS in $(git log --format=format:%h --reverse)
do
if [ "$RUNDIFF" ]
then
RunDiff $OLDVERS $NEWVERS "${DFILES[@]}"
elif [ "$OLDVERS" ]
then
if [ "$NEWVERS" = "${STARTWITH:=${NEWVERS}}" ]
then
RUNDIFF=true
RunDiff $OLDVERS $NEWVERS "${DFILES[@]}"
fi
fi
OLDVERS=$NEWVERS
done
Called with no args, this will start from the beginning of the repo history, otherwise it will start with whatever abbreviated commit hash you provide and proceed to the present - you can ctrl-C at any time to exit. Any args after the first will limit the difference reports to include only the files listed among those args (which I think is what the OP wanted, and I'd recommend for all but tiny projects). If you're checking changes to specific files and want to start from the beginning, you'll need to provide an empty string for arg1. If you're not a vim user, you can replace vimdiff with your favorite diff tool.
Behavior is to output the commit comments when relevant changes are found and start offering vimdiff runs for each changed file (that's git difftool behavior, but it works here).
This approach is probably pretty naive, but looking through a lot of the solutions here and at a related post, many involved installing new tools on a system where I don't have admin access, with interfaces that had their own learning curve. The above script did what I wanted without dealing with any of that. I'll look into the many excellent suggestions here when I need something more sophisticated - but I think this is directly responsive to the OP.
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